Plant Kingdom is a Class 11 Botany chapter in the NEET (UG) syllabus. NEET720 has 1,109 reviewed practice questions on it, each with a quick answer and a step-by-step explanation. The 8 questions below are free and fixed, so you can bookmark this page; the full chapter, plus mistake tracking and spaced revision, is in the app.
187
easy
757
medium
165
hard
Topics covered
Algae · Bryophytes · Pteridophytes · Gymnosperms · Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations · Kingdom Monera · Kingdom Fungi · Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens · Kingdom Protista · Chlorophyceae · Phaeophyceae · Rhodophyceae · Liverworts · Mosses · Plant Kingdom Overview · Angiosperms · Plant Kingdom · Plant Kingdom · Algae economic importance · Pteridophyte significance · Gymnosperm characteristics · Gymnosperm biology · Algal reproduction · Bryophyte classification · Bryophyte structures · Alternation of generation · Angiosperm classification · Gymnosperm examples · Plant kingdom classification basis · Fern life cycle · Fern gametophyte · Algae as producers · Bryophyte reproduction · Comparative anatomy · Algae body forms · Pteridophyte economic/ecological importance · Gymnosperm diversity · Comparative reproductive biology · Algal cell wall/pigment diversity · Fern reproductive structures
8 free Plant Kingdom practice questions with answers
Choose an answer in your head before opening it. Each explanation says why the correct option is right and, where relevant, why the tempting wrong option is wrong.
Question 1 · easy · Algae
In members of Chlorophyceae such as Spirogyra and Chara, the stored food material is:
- A.Glycogen
- B.Cellulose
- C.Starch
- D.Protein only
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. Starch
Green algae (Chlorophyceae) store food as starch, localized around the pyrenoids of the chloroplast.
Most members of Chlorophyceae possess one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplasts; pyrenoids contain protein besides starch, and the food reserve of the class is starch. Glycogen is the reserve of animals and fungi, not green algae. Cellulose is the structural component of the inner cell wall layer, not a food reserve. 'Protein only' misinterprets the pyrenoid composition — protein occurs in the pyrenoid alongside starch, but starch is the stored food.
Common mistake: Writing glycogen (fungal/animal reserve) for green algae.
Key point: Chlorophyceae store starch; pyrenoids contain protein besides starch.
Question 2 · medium · Algae
The rigid cell wall of green algae is composed of:
- A.An inner layer of pectose and an outer layer of cellulose
- B.An inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose
- C.A uniform wall of chitin throughout
- D.An inner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer layer of cellulose
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. An inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose
Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose.
In Chlorophyceae the cell wall is two-layered: the inner layer is cellulose (providing rigidity) and the outer layer is pectose. Option A reverses the arrangement — a common exam trap. Chitin (option C) is the wall material of fungi, and peptidoglycan (option D) belongs to bacterial cell walls; neither forms the algal wall. Remember the order from inside out: cellulose then pectose.
Common mistake: Reversing the inner and outer wall layers.
Key point: Green algal wall: inner cellulose, outer pectose — never the reverse.
Question 3 · medium · Algae
Members of Chlorophyceae appear grass green in colour. The most appropriate explanation for this colouration is:
- A.They possess only carotenoids, which reflect green light
- B.Their green pigments are located freely in the cytoplasm rather than in plastids
- C.They possess chlorophyll a alone, all other pigments being absent
- D.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the dominant pigments in their chloroplasts
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the dominant pigments in their chloroplasts
Chlorophyceae are grass green because chlorophyll a and b are their dominant pigments, localized in definite chloroplasts.
The grass-green colour of Chlorophyceae results from the dominance of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, which are held within definite chloroplasts of varied shapes (discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral or ribbon-shaped). Carotenoids are accessory pigments and do not impart green colour. Pigments are localized in chloroplasts, not free in the cytoplasm. Chlorophyll a alone would not explain the class-level characterization — the presence of chlorophyll b alongside a is the distinctive feature of green algae.
Common mistake: Stating chlorophyll a alone or misplacing pigments outside plastids.
Key point: Chlorophyceae = grass green due to dominant chlorophyll a and b in chloroplasts.
Question 4 · medium · Algae
Statement I: Pyrenoids of green algae are storage bodies located in the chloroplasts. Statement II: Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. Choose the correct option.
- A.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
- B.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
- C.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
- D.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Both statements are correct: pyrenoids are storage bodies within the chloroplasts of most Chlorophyceae, and they contain protein besides starch.
Statement I is true — most members of Chlorophyceae have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located inside the chloroplasts, not free in the cytoplasm. Statement II is also true — pyrenoids contain protein in addition to starch; this line is frequently tested because students assume pyrenoids are pure starch bodies. Since both statements are independently correct, option B is the answer.
Common mistake: Believing pyrenoids are made of starch only.
Key point: Pyrenoids lie inside chloroplasts and contain protein besides starch.
Question 5 · easy · Algae
Oogamous sexual reproduction, involving fusion between one large non-motile female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete, is shown by:
- A.Ulothrix and Spirogyra
- B.Spirogyra and Chlamydomonas
- C.Ulothrix and some species of Chlamydomonas
- D.Volvox and Fucus
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Volvox and Fucus
Volvox and Fucus are the NCERT examples of oogamy — fusion of one large non-motile (static) female gamete with a smaller motile male gamete.
Sexual reproduction in algae shows three grades. Isogamy: fusion of similar gametes — flagellated in Ulothrix, non-flagellated in Spirogyra. Anisogamy: fusion of dissimilar gametes, as in some species of Chlamydomonas. Oogamy: fusion between one large, non-motile female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete — the examples are Volvox and Fucus. Options A, B and C each pair organisms belonging to isogamy or anisogamy.
Common mistake: Confusing the example sets for isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy.
Key point: Oogamy examples: Volvox and Fucus.
Question 6 · medium · Algae
A student claims: 'All gametes taking part in isogamy in algae must be flagellated, since gametes need to swim to each other.' Which alga directly disproves this claim?
- A.Spirogyra, whose isogamous gametes are non-flagellated
- B.Ulothrix, whose isogamous gametes are non-flagellated
- C.Volvox, whose isogamous gametes are non-flagellated
- D.Fucus, whose isogamous gametes are flagellated
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Spirogyra, whose isogamous gametes are non-flagellated
Spirogyra shows isogamy with non-flagellated gametes, proving flagella are not essential for isogamy.
Isogamy is the fusion of two gametes similar in size. These may be flagellated, as in Ulothrix, or non-flagellated (non-motile), as in Spirogyra — so the student's claim fails for Spirogyra, where amoeboid gamete transfer occurs through a conjugation tube rather than swimming. Ulothrix (option B) actually has flagellated isogamous gametes. Volvox and Fucus (options C, D) are the oogamy examples and are irrelevant to isogamy.
Common mistake: Assuming every algal gamete is motile/flagellated.
Key point: Isogamy: flagellated in Ulothrix, non-flagellated in Spirogyra.
Question 7 · medium · Algae
Arrange the following algae in the order: isogamy with flagellated gametes → anisogamy → oogamy, using the NCERT examples.
- A.Spirogyra → Volvox → Fucus
- B.Volvox → some species of Chlamydomonas → Ulothrix
- C.Ulothrix → Fucus → Volvox
- D.Ulothrix → some species of Chlamydomonas → Volvox
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Ulothrix → some species of Chlamydomonas → Volvox
Flagellated isogamy: Ulothrix; anisogamy: some species of Chlamydomonas; oogamy: Volvox (also Fucus).
NCERT assigns: isogamy with flagellated gametes of similar size — Ulothrix (Spirogyra shows isogamy with non-flagellated gametes); anisogamy — fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size, as in some species of Chlamydomonas; oogamy — one large non-motile female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete, as in Volvox and Fucus. Only option D places one correct example in each successive position.
Common mistake: Using Spirogyra for flagellated isogamy or Volvox for anisogamy.
Key point: Ulothrix (flagellated isogamy) → some Chlamydomonas species (anisogamy) → Volvox/Fucus (oogamy).
Question 8 · easy · Algae
Some algae occur in association with fungi and with animals. The respective NCERT examples of these associations are:
- A.Lichen and sloth bear
- B.Mycorrhiza and coral polyps
- C.Lichen and earthworm
- D.Root nodule and sloth bear
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Lichen and sloth bear
Algae associate with fungi in lichens and with animals such as the sloth bear.
Although largely aquatic, algae occur in a variety of habitats — moist stones, soils and wood — and some occur in association with fungi (lichen) and animals (e.g., on sloth bear). Mycorrhiza is a fungus-root association (relevant to gymnosperms like Pinus), root nodules involve Rhizobium and legumes, and no algal-earthworm association is described — so options B, C and D are wrong.
Common mistake: Replacing lichen with mycorrhiza or root nodule.
Key point: Algae + fungi = lichen; algae + animal example = sloth bear.
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Questions about Plant Kingdom for NEET
How many NEET questions does NEET720 have on Plant Kingdom?＋
NEET720 has 1,109 reviewed practice questions on Plant Kingdom (Botany): 187 easy, 757 medium and 165 hard. 8 of them are free on this page with full explanations; the rest are available in the app.
Is Plant Kingdom a Class 11 or Class 12 chapter for NEET?＋
Plant Kingdom is a Class 11 Botany chapter in the NEET (UG) syllabus. Read the NCERT chapter first, then practise chapter-wise MCQs and previous-year questions.
How should I practise Plant Kingdom for NEET?＋
Attempt the questions below without looking at the options for more than a few seconds, mark your answer, then read the explanation even when you were right. Record every mistake and revisit it after a gap. On NEET720 this happens automatically: wrong answers go to your Mistake Book and are scheduled for spaced revision.
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Questions are original NEET720 compositions reviewed for correctness, syllabus fit and option quality. Counts update as the bank grows (1,109 active practice questions in this chapter today).